911:Nutrition

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“Our food should be our medicine and our medicine should be our food.” - Hippocrates

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Contents

Intro

  • Todo: human body nutritional requirements (quantities/ratio's/patterns are dependent on the person), detecting and limiting food-chain impurities, best practices for intake, self-reliance, local food cycles, mental foods, spiritual foods, food preservation and stocking, survival menu's, etc.

Sunlight

  • Hardiness zone: A geographically-defined area in which a specific form of life (microbe, fungi, plant, animal) is capable of growing, as defined by the natural climatic/biospheric conditions occurring there.
    • "Just as a banana tree moved from the equator to colder regions would need special environmental adaptations to survive (amended soil, heated greenhouse, added artificial light), humans outside of their DNA's hardiness zone need adaptations in environment, nutrition and sunlight substitutes. Humans are designed for equatorial life near large bodies of water. That means warmth, sunshine on the skin, and lots of fish. Vitamin D can be synthesized by the body when it is exposed to the sun's ultraviolet rays. By moving north we simply starve our DNA of vitamin D produced by the skin, and being inland limit fish intake." - Anon.
  • To research:
    • All the relations to genetic, enzymatic, and cellular functioning.
    • Sungazing

Oxygen

  • "Most of the Earth's oxygen is actually produced by marine algae, which generate more oxygen than all the trees and land plants in the world. Called cyanobacteria, algae release oxygen as a byproduct of photosynthesis" [2]
  • Diaphragmatic breathing
    • "You would think that since breathing is something we constantly do, day and night, that we would all be experts on the matter. That’s why I was quite surprised when I learned that there is a right way and a wrong way to breathe. Children breathe deeply, from their diaphragm. As we age, however, our breathing shifts to the chest and becomes more shallow and more rapid. Deep breathing is best because it adds to the oxygen that you bring into lungs, and consequently your blood supply which then delivers this precious resource to your cells. (...) Deep breathing vastly improves the function of your lymphatic system. The lymph system can be likened to the body’s 'sewage system'. Every cell in your body is surrounded by lymph. Blood is pumped from your heart through your arteries to the thin, porous capillaries. The blood carries nutrients and oxygen to the capillaries, where they are diffused into this fluid around the cells called lymph. The cells, having an intelligence or affinity for what they need, take nutrients and oxygen for their health and then excrete toxins, some of which go back into the capillaries. But dead cells, blood proteins, and other toxic material must be removed by the lymphatic system. And the lymphatic system is activated by deep breathing. The body’s cells depend on the lymphatic system as the only way to drain off the large toxic materials and excess fluid, which restrict the amount of oxygen that the cells are able to absorb. The fluid passes through the lymph nodes, where dead cells and all other poisons except blood proteins are destroyed and neutralized. " [3]"

Water

  • "Water is the most important element required in establishing and maintaining proper pH. Since your body is 70% water, it is extremely important to constantly replenish your supply of it. The body loses 2.5 liters of water every day just through normal bodily functions. In order to hydrate your body optimally, you need to drink water that is alkaline and mineral rich. (...) alkaline water helps to neutralise acids and remove toxins from the body. Alkaline water also acts as a conductor of electrochemical activity from cell to cell. Ideally, water should have a ph between 9 and 10, and you should be drinking 3-4 litres of it daily." [4]

Water quality

  • Water purification methods (UV lighting, evaporation, filtering, ....)
  • Water quality testing: ...

Water collection

  • Todo: Water storage methods

Water sources

Freshwater

(todo)

Rainwater

Seawater

(todo)

  • Desalination
  • "Cheaper desalination": "The process begins by spraying seawater into a shallow, black-bottomed pond, where it absorbs heat from the atmosphere. The resulting evaporation increases the concentration of salt in the water from its natural level of 3.5% to as much as 20%. Low-pressure pumps are then used to pipe this concentrated seawater, along with three other streams of untreated seawater, into the desalting unit. As the diagram explains, what Mr Sparrow and Mr Zoshi create by doing this is a type of electrical circuit. Instead of electrons carrying the current, though, it is carried by electrically charged atoms called ions. Salt is made of two ions: positively charged sodium and negatively charged chloride. These flow in opposite directions around the circuit. Each of the four streams of water is connected to two neighbours by what are known as ion bridges. These are pathways made of polystyrene that has been treated so it will allow the passage of only one sort of ion—either sodium or chloride. Sodium and chloride ions pass out of the concentrated solution to the neighbouring weak ones by diffusion though these bridges (any chemical will diffuse from a high to a low concentration in this way). The trick is that as they do so, they make the low-concentration streams of water electrically charged. The one that is positive, because it has too much sodium, thus draws chloride ions from the stream that is to be purified. Meanwhile, the negative, chloride-rich stream draws in sodium ions. The result is that the fourth stream is stripped of its ions and emerges pure and fresh."

Atmospheric moisture

  • Atmospheric water condensation
    • Atmospheric water generator (AWG)
    • "It has been estimated that the atmosphere, the air that we breath, contains 3.1 quadrillion (10 to the 15) gallons or 0.04% of the world’s total supply of fresh water. Not only is it abundant, it there for the taking and surprisingly easy to extract. In fact man has used simple atmospheric water generators for centuries if not millennia. All that is needed are warm days, cool nights and a surface for water to condense on. It’s what happens when dew forms on a metal roof. You could create your own AWG in a matter of hours by building a framework to support a sheet of corrugated iron, seven to ten feet in the air. It should be inclined at 30 degrees to the ground, have a gutter to catch the precious precipitation and it works more efficiently if the under side of the metal sheet is insulated." [5]

Water purification

Water filtration

  • Todo: Filtration methods of rain and river water.

Water distilation

  • Sunlight based water distilling:
  • To research: Does frequently drinking the acidic water cause problems? ([7])
    • Penta water versus Hexagonal water: [8] [9]"

Water radiation

  • UV radiation exposure to kill various microbes
    • Todo: Sunlight techniques
    • Todo: Artificial techniques

Water heating

(todo)

Water treatment various

Alkalinity

  • Food energy conversion balance (the balance between the contracting/incoming and expanding/radiating energy vortex sides).
    • "A molecule has an ANION as its nucleus and has CATIONS, or if you prefer cationic electrons, in its outer orbit. This orbit is counter-. clock-wise. But why is this important? Because herein is the vital key to health as expressed in science! All energy in human bodies is created by the resistance generated when these oppositely charged ions rotating in opposite directions come together. Think of that, you physics majors! In college physics we have been taught, and generally quite true, that resistance consumes energy. But in the ionization chemistry of the human body, it is the resistance between the orbiting anions and the orbiting cations that actually creates energy! If there is no resistance, then no energy is created. In chemistry, the measure of this resistance is known as "pi-I." But pH is neither a qualitative or a quantitative measurement. It is just resistance. Any day that a person burns up more energy than he assimilates from his food, that day he begins to get sick. Now, go back and reread that several times, for in this concept is the vital key to health. With that in mind, consider this: we do not live from the food that we eat, but from the energy created from the food that we eat." - The Curse Causeless Shall Not Come
  • "In recent years a measure has emerged on the holistic health scene for balance and harmony within the body and in is becoming widely recognized as a true measure of health. This measure is the acid alkaline balance also known as pH balance in the body. Research has indicated that too much acidity (or acidosis) all too commonly arising from the standard American diet has serious implications for impaired digestion, immunity and chronic disease. Its been scientifically acknowledged by researchers that blood must maintain a state of slight alkalinity for the body’s proper functioning and almost all of our crucial physiological operations including immunity, digestion and cardiovascular as well as most of our metabolic processes and enzyme reactions require a slightly alkaline internal environment." (...) "Except for a small percentage of the population that has the right pH balance and an even smaller percentage (less than 1%) that may be over alkaline, almost everyone nowadays is acidic. The only question is how acidic. This can be easily determined by the use of pH test paper and checking the saliva for pH balance. The test must be continued for a few days to be sure. As the paper by changes color to either yellow (acidic) or blue (alkaline) or staying neutral (green) one can determine body’s pH balance. The same test can be performed for the urine also. Once having determined that ones body is acidic one can embark on a regimen of diet and a more stress free lifestyle to bring about a more alkaline state .By eating alkaline forming vegetables, specially more greens, preferring whole foods to processed foods and replacing red meats with fish, organic poultry and plant based proteins, one can achieve a good acid alkaline balance in a short time. Green foods and supplements like alfalfa, chlorella and spirulina offer nutrient rich ways to increase alkalinity in the body." (...) "It’s also good to familiarize oneself with some of the common alkaline forming foods. Citrus fruits and vinegar (specially apple cider) even though acidic in themselves cause an alkaline reaction in the body Almonds and cashews are good alkalizers, so are avocados and pineapples. Unprocessed sea salt as well as Himalayan rock salt are generally considered to be alkaline as opposed to processed table salt which is acid forming. Enzymes also help the body reach optimal pH. Enzyme supplements can be used. These products may contain amylase, cellulose, lipase and protease blends plus minerals and herbs like marshmallow. A balanced internal environment falls between 6.5 and 7.5 and maintaining this slightly alkaline internal stat may be the real key to higher state of health and well being." [10]
  • "All foods are made of fat, protein and carbohydrate. If the foods are deficient in the vitamins needed to metabolize each type of food -- fat, protein and carbs -- and if the intake of the food exceeds the body's metabolic needs, then those foods are converted into acids. You can eat the most alkaline foods or drink the most alkaline water until the cows come home, but if you don't have the nutrients that it takes to metabolize the food you eat your swimming pool will still become acidic over time. Let's just look at the B-vitamins, which are involved in the metabolism of all foodstuffs. For carbs to be completely oxidized (into hydrogen which makes energy in the form of ATP and carbon dioxide which you exhale), B1, B2, B3 and B5 are all required. Insufficient amounts of these vitamins (or eating more than your body needs) results in various ACIDS being formed such as lactic acid and fatty acids which are converted into fat, triglycerides and cholesterol. In this example, it doesn't matter what the pH of the carb is. In fact, some very acidic foods such as oranges (citric acid) and apples (malic acid) DIRECTLY FUEL the energy cycle of the cell and stoke the fire BIG TIME. Many proponents of the acid/alkaline diet, however, because they don't understand metabolism, advise you through their blindfolds to avoid apples and oranges." [11]
  • General guidelines: "Stick to salads, fresh vegetables and healthy nuts and oils. Try to consume plenty of raw foods and at least 2-3 litres of clean, pure water daily. Steer clear of fatty meats, dairy, cheese, sweets, chocolates, alcohol and tobacco. Packaged foods are often full of hidden offenders and microwave meals are full of sugars and salts. Over cooking also removes all of the nutrition from a meal!" [12]

Hay diet food-alkalinity-compatibility diagram [1]

Carbohydrates

(todo)

Dietary fibers

  • "Dietary fiber, sometimes called roughage, is the indigestible portion of plant foods that pushes food through the digestive system, absorbing water and easing defecation. Chemically, dietary fiber consists of non-starch polysaccharides such as cellulose and many other plant components such as dextrins, inulin, lignin, waxes, chitins, pectins, beta-glucans and oligosaccharides. The term "fiber" is somewhat of a misnomer, since many types of so-called dietary fiber are not fibers at all. Dietary fiber can be soluble (able to dissolve in water) or insoluble (not able to dissolve in water). Soluble fiber, like all fiber, cannot be digested. But it does change as it passes through the digestive tract, being transformed (fermented) by bacteria there. Food sources of dietary fiber are often divided according to whether they provide (predominantly) soluble or insoluble fiber. To be precise, both types of fiber are present in all plant foods, with varying degrees of each according to a plant’s characteristics. Potential advantages of consuming fiber are the production of health-promoting compounds during the fermentation of soluble fiber, and insoluble fiber's ability (via its passive water-attracting properties) to increase bulk, soften stool and shorten transit time through the intestinal tract." [13]

Organic acids

Amino acids

  • "Amino acids are the chemical building blocks of protein and could be called the building blocks of life. Structurally, your body is mainly compromised of proteins developed from amino acids. From twenty amino acids, the body manufactures more than 50,000 different types of protein that play vital roles in our bodies. Amino acids contribute significantly to the health of the nervous system, muscular structure, hormone production, vital organs and cellular structure. They are absolutely crucial for good health. If you aren't getting enough amino acids in your diet, your health may be affected. Low levels of important amino acids are linked to symptoms like irritability, poor concentration, fatigue, depression and hormonal imbalances to name a few. Amino acids can be broken down into two groups: essential and non-essential. The term essential has nothing to do with the importance of the amino acids, just whether or not the body can make them." [14]

Essential amino acids

  • "Essential amino acids are those which cannot be made by the body, so you must get them from your diet. (...) All of the amino acids perform vital functions in the body. They work best when you take in plenty of all types of amino acids, so it's important to get a variety of protein in your diet. The proteins in foods that contain all of the essential amino acids are called complete proteins. You will find complete sources of protein in dairy products, meat, fish, poultry and soy. There is a common misunderstanding that it's very difficult for vegetarians and vegans to eat the right combination of amino acids. Although there should be a little planning involved, you can still easily get all of the essential amino acids without eating meat or dairy. It's not necessary to combine all the amino acids at every meal as long as you are eating a good variety of protein-rich foods on a daily basis. If you want to eat a good combination of amino acids without animal products, then you should include plenty of these foods in your diet: Nuts (peanuts, cashews, almonds, pecans, Brazil nuts), Seeds (pumpkin, sunflower, sesame), Beans (lima, chickpeas, pinto, navy), Whole soy foods (tempeh, edamame), Whole grains (barley, rye, wheat, rice), Vegetables (corn, potatoes, onions, mushrooms, broccoli)" [15]

Isoleucine

Leucine

Lysine

Methionine

Phenylalanine

Serine

Threonine

Tryptophan

Non-essential amino acids

  • "Non-essential amino acids can be manufactured by the body if the right material is provided." [16]

Alanine

Arginine

Asparagine

Aspartic acid

Cysteine

Glutamic acid

Glutamine

Glycine

Histidine

Proline

Tyrosine

Fatty acids

Various organic acids

Acetic acid

  • Acts as a preservative and inhibits growth of harmful organisms. [17]

Lactic acid

  • Essential for digestion. Believed to help balance acids/alkali in the body and possibly prevent cancer by helping regulate blood pH levels. [18]

Gluconic acid

  • "Breaks down to caprylic acid which is a potent anti-fungal and can immensely help those suffering from Candidiasis. Gluconic acid also works in the liver, possibly as part of a detoxification pathway and why it is believed Kombucha can help the body detoxify from heavy metals and biotoxins." [19]

Malic acid

  • Has a role in helping the liver detoxify the body. [20]

Usnic acid

  • Has antibiotic, especially antiviral properties. [21]

Oxalic acid

  • Encourages intercellular production of energy. [22]

Butyric acid

  • Protects cellular membranes throughout the body. Butyric and gluconic acid together strengthen the gut wall and are believed to combat Candida albicans overgrowth. [23]

Proteins and enzymes

  • See also:

Vitamins

(todo)

  • "Vitamins are classified by their biological and chemical activity, not their structure. Thus, each vitamin may refer to several vitamer compounds that all show the biological activity associated with a particular vitamin. Such a set of chemicals are grouped under an alphabetized vitamin "generic descriptor" title, such as vitamin A" [24]

Vitamin A

(todo)

Vitamin B

  • "The B vitamins are water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism." [25]


  • Vitamin B1 (thiamine)
  • Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
  • Vitamin B3 (niacin, includes nicotinic acid and nicotinamide)
  • Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)
  • Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine)
  • Vitamin B7 (biotin), also known as vitamin H)
  • Vitamin B9 (folic acid), also, vitamin M)
  • Vitamin B10: para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)
  • Vitamin B11: pteryl-hepta-glutamic acid—chick growth factor, which is a form of folic acid. Later found to be one of five folates necessary for humans; also known as vitamin S or factor S. L-Carnitine is called vitamin B11 in France.
  • Vitamin B12 (various cobalamins; commonly cyanocobalamin in vitamin)
  • Vitamin B13: orotic acid, now known to not be a vitamin.
  • Vitamin B14: cell proliferant, anti-anemia, rat growth, and antitumor pterin phosphate named by Earl R. Norris. Isolated from human urine at 0.33ppm (later in blood), but later abandoned by him as further evidence did not confirm this. He also claimed this was not xanthopterin.
  • Vitamin B15: pangamic acid
  • Vitamin B16: dimethylglycine (DMG)
  • Vitamin B17: amygdalin, nitrilosides, or laetrile. These substances are found in a number of seeds, sprouts, beans, tubers and grains. While toxic in large quantities, proponents claim that it is effective in cancer treatment and prevention.[17]
  • Vitamin B18:
  • Vitamin B19:
  • Vitamin B20: carnitine
  • Vitamin B21:
  • Vitamin B22: often claimed as an ingredient of Aloe vera extracts but also in many other foods. Claimed by one source to be vitamin B12b-δ.
  • Vitamin Bh: biotin
  • Vitamin Bm: "mouse factor": also used to designate inositol
  • Vitamin Bp: choline[dubious – discuss] Choline is only required for survival of some mutants. Most commonly it is synthesized in vivo de novo [18] May be added as supplement especially when methionine supply is limited.
  • Vitamin Bt: L-carnitine
  • Vitamin Bv: a type of B6 but not pyridoxine[clarification needed]
  • Vitamin Bw: a type of biotin but not d-biotin[clarification needed]
  • Vitamin Bx: para-aminobenzoic acid

B9: Folic acid

Vitamin C

(todo)

Vitamin D

  • "Vitamin D can be synthesized by the body when it is exposed to the sun's ultraviolet rays. The average light-skinned person can get enough vitamin D from roughly 15 minutes of sun on their face and hands per day, significantly less than the time it takes to burn. Darker skinned people, the elderly, and those living far from the equator (particularly during the winter) may need more sun to synthesize the same amount." [26]
  • "By reducing sunlight to bare skin, and winter cover up both reducing circulating vitamin D and reducing antioxidants in our food crops we are literally killing ourselves. Vitamin D boosts the immune system, that is why cold and flu season ends with people being out in the sun. Antioxidants do the rest of the work." - Anon.
  • "Low Vitamin D May Be Root Cause of Cancer":
    • "Reporting online in the current Annals of Epidemiology, they point to a host of research that suggests cancer develops when cells lose the ability to stick together in a healthy, normal way -- and the key factor to this initial triggering of a malignancy could well be a lack of vitamin D." ... "In 2008, Dr. Garland and his colleagues found an association between a lack of sunlight exposure, low vitamin D and breast cancer. In earlier work, they showed linkages between increased levels of vitamin D3 or markers of vitamin D and a lower risk for breast, colon, ovarian and kidney cancers, too. As reported earlier in Natural News, clues about a possible cause-and-effect association between a lack of vitamin D and cancer's development have rapidly accumulated over the past few years. For example, researchers have found that women who are deficient in vitamin D at the time they are diagnosed with breast cancer are nearly 75 percent more likely to die from the disease than women with sufficient vitamin D levels. Moreover, their cancer is twice as likely to metastasize to other parts of the body [27]. Healthy levels of vitamin D have been found to slash the risk of numerous cancers by 77 percent [28]."

Vitamin E

Vitamin K

Antioxidants

  • "Oxidation reactions can produce free radicals, which start chain reactions that damage cells. Antioxidants terminate these chain reactions by removing free radical intermediates, and inhibit other oxidation reactions by being oxidized themselves."
  • "We know that dark pigments are a rich source of antioxidants and those nutrients fight; "help prevent heart disease and cancer, and also be a natural way to reduce blood cholesterol. Now what are the top ten killers in a rich nation?"- Anon.
    • Top 5 [29]:
      • Coronary heart disease
      • Stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases
      • Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers
      • Lower respiratory infections
      • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Flavonoids

  • "Flavonoids are most commonly known for their antioxidant activity." ... "Flavonoids have been referred to as "nature's biological response modifiers" because of strong experimental evidence of their inherent ability to modify the body's reaction to allergens, viruses, and carcinogens. They show anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-cancer activity. Consumers and food manufacturers have become interested in flavonoids for their medicinal properties, especially their potential role in the prevention of cancers and cardiovascular disease. The beneficial effects of fruit, vegetables, and tea or even red wine have been attributed to flavonoid compounds rather than to known nutrients and vitamins." [30]
  • "Research has now proven that flavonoids are poorly absorbed by the body, usually less than five percent, and most of what does get absorbed into the blood stream is rapidly metabolized in the intestines and liver and excreted from the body. By contrast, vitamin C is absorbed 100 percent by the body up to a certain level. And vitamin C accumulates in cells where it is 1,000 to 3,000 times more active as an antioxidant than flavonoids. The large increase in total antioxidant capacity of blood observed after the consumption of flavonoid-rich foods is not caused by the flavonoids themselves, Frei said, but most likely is the result of increased uric acid levels. But just because flavonoids have been found to be ineffectual as antioxidants in the human body does not mean they are without value, Frei said. They appear to strongly influence cell signaling pathways and gene expression, with relevance to both cancer and heart disease." [31]

Anthocyanins

Biotics

Prebiotics

  • "Prebiotics are components present in food which give health by supporting the gastrointestinal tract (GI), and by giving the body what it needs to defend itself and promote health and wellbeing. Prebiotics are a type of fiber which can help protect the body against food poisoning and intestinal and colon problems. Most importantly, pre-biotics are food for our "good" gut bacteria. As a result they promote the growth of these healthy bacteria and help inhibit overgrowth of pathogenic ones. Typically, prebiotics are carbohydrates, but the definition does not preclude non-carbohydrates. The most prevalent forms of prebiotics are nutritionally classed as soluble fiber. To some extent, many forms of dietary fiber exhibit some level of prebiotic effect. A prebiotic should increase the number of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria, and can also make them more powerful and active. The importance of the bifidobacteria and the lactic acid bacteria is that they benefit people by improving digestion, increasing absorption and boosting immune system. Prebiotics are found naturally in many foods, and can also be isolated from plants." [32]

Probiotics

(todo: healthy live bacteria and yeast cultures)

Antibiotics

(todo: describe differences between natural and artificial balancing of antibiotics)

  • "... when it comes to the microbes making of antibiotics, there is something evocative of this remarkable chapter in history. Antibiotics are now being thought about as benign compounds that, at least at low concentrations, have little to do with intraspecies warfare between organisms, and a great deal to do with the ways microbes communicate with one another. More and more examples are being reported of antibiotics that, at sub-inhibitory concentrations function, as community organizers, prodding bacteria into making protective biofilms. Indeed, antibiotic-induced biofilm formation has become the poster child for the argument that antibiotics serve mainly as signaling molecules between microbial cells. The evidence spans several bacterial species, including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica, and Bacillus subtilis." (...) "Did microbes invent these compounds and then "make a pact" not to use them for what their name implies—killing other living things? Or did these compounds function first as signaling molecules helping the "conversation" between and within microbial species?" (...) "Questions remain. For instance, why is it that these compounds are, in fact, antibiotic at high concentrations? Their signaling functions (at lower concentrations) would have sufficed." [33] (edited)
  • "Eventually antibiotics are going to be seen as one of the worst things to ever come out of pharmaceutical science because in the end, they have made us only weaker in the face of ever increasingly strong super bugs that are resistant to all the antibiotics doctors have at their disposal. When we look at how deep the rabbit hole goes with antibiotics, we will get sick in our souls. Antibiotics have fulfilled their anti–biotic anti-life role leaving a long trail of death and suffering in the wake of their use." (...) "Antibiotics do not kill yeast. Many women find after taking antibiotics, they get vaginal yeast infections (because their normal bacterial balance has been lost). Antibiotics bring on fungal and yeast infections thus will eventually be seen as a major cause of cancer since more and more oncologists are seeing yeast and fungal infections as an integral part of cancer and its cause. With upwards of 40 percent of all cancers thought to be involved with and caused by infections, the subject of antibiotics and the need for something safer, more effective and life serving is imperative." [34]

Ion minerals

  • Note: that the use of the term "mineral" here is distinct from the usage in the geological sciences. The term "mineral" is archaic, since the intent of the definition is to describe ions, not chemical compounds or actual minerals. Most minerals are salts (which are not?) and are formed from the neutralization reaction of acids and bases.
  • "Trace minerals are catalysts for vital cellular functions. Trace minerals trigger thousands of essential enzyme reactions in the body including activating other nutrients, ionizing the body’s electrical current necessary for other functions, building blocks of enzymes and hormones, equalizing pH, digestion, growth and tissue regeneration. They are indispensable for optimal functioning of a healthy body. The body does not manufacture these vital nutrients, they must therefore be provided in the diet. Since the body is depleted of trace minerals daily through natural functions such as stress and pollution, and because food is devoid of minerals from years of over harvesting, mineral supplementation is essential now more than ever." [35]
  • "The total mineral content of the body is approximately 4 percent of body weight." [36]

Macro ion minerals

  • "Macrominerals are present in the body in relatively larger amounts than micro minerals (thus the name) and include: calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, chloride, and potassium. Calcium makes up approximately 1.75 percent of total body weight, phosphorus makes up approximately 1.10 percent of total body weight, and magnesium makes up approximately .04 percent of total body weight." [37]

Magnesium

  • "Magnesium is a very underrated, virtually ignored mineral for our diets, yet it is the most crucial and essential to over 300 bodily biochemical and cellular metabolic processes. It has been called the "Master Mineral" because of its central importance to so many cellular functions and proper body glucose balance. Because of poor topsoil conditions and poor eating habits, almost everyone is magnesium deficient to some extent. The mineral that gets the most attention for supplementation is calcium. Yet without magnesium, calcium synthesis into bones and teeth is drastically impaired. Cardiovascular and neurological issues are also prone to surface. It's estimated that most people have a ratio of calcium to magnesium at 3 to 1or higher, but the ideal ratio is close to 2 to 1, actually 10 to 4. In other words, your body should have about half as much magnesium as calcium." ... "Lots of sugar, processed table salt and processed foods, especially those made with bleached flour will deplete your magnesium by a sort of leeching process. So avoiding or minimizing that part of your diet will be a good start. You can replace processed table salt with real organic sea salt or Himalayan salt to eliminate the poisons inherent in table salt and add magnesium to your diet. Stress is another magnesium burner. Indulging in some humor and handling stress by being more upbeat in general will help conserve your body's stored magnesium. Vegetables with leafy greens, whole grains, many legumes including peanuts, and raw nuts are good sources of magnesium. But all is not so good with commercially grown agribusiness crops. It has been determined that organic crops contain up to 10 times the magnesium of regular supermarket foods." ... "Another super food very high in magnesium is fulvic (not folic) acid. A good fulvic acid liquid is said to contain all the minerals and elements a body needs. Fulvic acid minerals in solution are purported to be highly bioavailable." ... "Remember the leafy greens suggestion? At the core of chlorophyll is magnesium. So any of the super foods that are green, such as spirulina and especially chlorella, are high in magnesium as well as other nutrients." [38]

Calcium

(todo)

Phosphorus

(todo)

Sodium

(todo)

Chloride

  • "The element chlorine itself is a poisonous gas that is soluble in water; in nature and in our body, it exists primarily as the chloride anion, the negatively charged ion that joins with cations such as sodium to make salt (sodium chloride) and with hydrogen to make stomach acid (hydrochloric acid). Chloride makes up about 0.15 percent of our body weight and is found mainly in the extracellular fluid along with sodium. Less than 15 percent of the body chloride is found inside the cells, with the highest amounts within the red blood cells. As one of the mineral electrolytes, chloride works closely with sodium and water to help the distribution of body fluids. Sources: Chloride is obtained primarily from salt, such as standard table salt or sea salt. It is also contained in most foods, especially the vegetables. Seaweeds (such as dulse and kelp), olives, rye, lettuce, tomatoes, and celery are some examples of good chloride-containing foods. Potassium chloride (KCl) is also found in foods or as the "salt substitute." [39]

Potassium

(todo)

  • To research:
    • "... in alchemy -- taoist yoga - and kriya yoga -- it's stated NO SALT -- why? Because salt goes against the polarization -- as chloride is a negative ion (a proton-based ion) while ionization relies on alkaline positive ions or electrons like potassium. Salt is pervasive in any grain-based diet! In fact a high potassium diet is the key whereas salt with chloride kills off the polarization." [40]

Sulfur

(todo)

Silicon

  • "Silicon is another mineral that is not commonly written about as an essential nutrient. It is present in the soil and is actually the most abundant mineral in the earth's crust, as carbon is the most abundant in plant and animal tissues. Silicon is very hard and is found in rock crystals such as quartz or flint. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) is an 'active' form of silicon and is used to make glass. Silicon molecules in the tissues, such as the nails and connective tissue, give them strength and stability. Silicon is present in bone, blood vessels, cartilage, and tendons, helping to make them strong. Silicon is important to bone formation, as it is found in active areas of calcification. It is also found in plant fibers and is probably an important part of their structure. This mineral is able to form long molecules, much the same as is carbon, and gives these complex configurations some durability and strength. It represents about 0.05 percent of our body weight. Silicon is currently considered a research macromineral, as it has been since the early 1970s. Studies have revealed retarded growth and poor bone development in young rats fed a silicon-deficient diet. Rabbits showed more atherosclerotic arterial plaques when fed diets low in silicon. I am sure that we will find further information regarding silicon and its functions in coming years. Sources: Silicon is widely available in food. It is part of plant fibers (though not of cellulose) and is found in high amounts in the hulls of wheat, oats, and rice, in sugar beet and cane pulp, in alfalfa, and in the herbs horsetail, comfrey, and nettles. Horsetail, Equisetum arvensa, is a common source used to make supplemental silica. Silicon is also pre-sent in lettuce, cucumbers, avocados, strawberries, onions, and dandelions and other dark greens. The pectin in citrus fruits and alginic acid in kelp also contain small amounts of silicon. Hard drinking water may also be a good source. This mineral is lost easily in food processing. Only about 2 percent of the original silicon is left in milled flour. Soil may also become deficient in silicon, and it is not being replaced; this loss could affect inherent plant structure." [41]

Micro ion minerals

  • "Micronutrients are nutrients needed for life in small quantities. The microminerals (also called "trace elements") include at least iron, cobalt, chromium, copper, iodine, manganese, selenium, zinc and molybdenum. They are dietary minerals needed by the human body in very small quantities (generally less than 100 micrograms/day) as opposed to macrominerals which are required in larger quantities." [42]

Iron

Cobalt

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Chromium

Copper

Iodine

Manganese

Selenium

Zinc

Molybdenum

Strontium

Research

Literature

Links

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